In a medium bowl, whisk together the soy sauce, mirin, brown sugar, 1/4 cup (60 ml) water, rice vinegar, sesame oil, garlic, and ginger until the sugar is mostly dissolved.
In a small bowl, whisk together the cornstarch and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) cold water until completely smooth. Set aside.
Pat the chicken thighs dry with paper towels: Cut them into evenly sized 1 1/2-inch (4 cm) pieces and season with the black pepper.
Heat the neutral oil in a 12-inch skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Add the chicken in a single layer: If necessary, work in two batches to avoid crowding the pan. Cook undisturbed for 3 to 4 minutes, until the bottoms are deeply golden.
Turn the chicken pieces and cook for another 3 to 4 minutes, stirring occasionally. They should be browned on several sides and nearly cooked through.
Reduce the heat to medium: Pour the prepared sauce into the skillet and stir to coat the chicken. Bring to a gentle simmer.
Simmer for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the thickest chicken pieces reach 165°F (74°C).
Stir the cornstarch slurry again, then slowly pour it into the skillet while stirring continuously.
Simmer for 1 to 2 minutes. The sauce should become shiny and thick enough to coat the chicken without looking pasty.
If the sauce becomes too thick, stir in 1 tablespoon (15 ml) water at a time. If it remains too thin, simmer for another 30 to 60 seconds.
Toss the chicken through the sauce until every piece is evenly glazed and there is no pool of thin liquid at the bottom of the skillet.
Remove the skillet from the heat and let the chicken stand for 5 minutes. The glaze will thicken slightly as it cools.
Sprinkle with sliced green onions and toasted sesame seeds, if using. Serve warm.